The Mechanics of Rotary Encoders & Reverse Scroll Faults
The vast majority of gaming and office mice utilize mechanical rotary encoders (manufactured by TTC, Kailh, ALPS, or F-Switch) to translate wheel rotation into digital scroll steps.
2-Phase Quadrature Output (Phase A & Phase B)
Inside the encoder, a 3-pin disc with conductive radial spokes rotates past two spring-loaded wiper fingers:
- Scrolling Down: Phase A leads Phase B (Phase A closes first, then Phase B closes).
- Scrolling Up: Phase B leads Phase A.
- The Reverse Jump Failure: When microscopic dust or oxidized lubricant coats the spoke tracks, Phase A can drop out momentarily. The mouse microcontroller misinterprets Phase B closing first, sending an erroneous Scroll UP packet during an intentional Scroll DOWN motion.
Mechanical Encoders vs. Optical Slotted Encoders
While mechanical encoders offer distinct tactile notches (steps), they degrade with heavy gaming use (such as jumping in Apex Legends / Counter-Strike bound to scroll wheel). Optical scroll systems (infrared beam passing through a slotted wheel) eliminate physical wear entirely.